Definition
Begging the question is a logical fallacy in which the conclusion of an argument is assumed in the premise. Instead of offering real support, the argument simply restates the claim in different words, resulting in circular reasoning.
Examples
Example 1: Circular Definition
"Reading is beneficial because it is good for you."
Example 2: Religious Claim
"The Bible is true because it says so in the Bible."
Example 3: Policy Argument
"We must ban X because it should be illegal."
Why It's Flawed
Begging the question is flawed because:
- It offers no real support for the conclusion
- The reasoning is circular and uninformative
- It assumes what it should be proving
- It can make weak arguments seem convincing
Arguments should provide evidence or reasoning, not simply restate the claim.
How to Spot It
Look for these signs of begging the question:
- The premise and conclusion are essentially the same
- No independent evidence is offered
- The argument feels circular or repetitive
- Key terms are redefined rather than explained
Example of spotting it: If someone says "We must trust the news because it is trustworthy," ask for reasons why it is trustworthy, not just a restatement.
How to Avoid It
To avoid using or being misled by begging the question:
- Provide independent evidence or support for your claims
- Avoid restating the conclusion as a premise
- Clarify definitions and reasoning
- Ask for outside support, not just repetition
When evaluating a claim, check if the argument actually provides support or just repeats itself.