Definition

A red herring is a logical fallacy that occurs when something irrelevant is introduced to an argument to divert attention from the actual issue. The name comes from the practice of using a strong-smelling fish to throw hunting dogs off a trail.

Examples

Example 1: Political Debate

"I know I was caught speeding, but think about all the dangerous criminals out there who haven't been caught yet!"

Example 2: Workplace Discussion

Employee: "I noticed our project is behind schedule. What's the plan to get back on track?" Manager: "You know, when I was your age, we worked 80-hour weeks without complaining. Kids these days..."

Why It's Flawed

The red herring fallacy is problematic because it:

  • Distracts from the original issue being discussed
  • Creates confusion by introducing irrelevant information
  • Prevents meaningful discussion of the actual topic
  • Can be used to manipulate or deceive listeners
  • Wastes time and energy on tangents

How to Spot It

Look for these signs of a red herring:

  1. The response doesn't address the original point
  2. The new topic is emotionally charged or controversial
  3. The speaker seems to be avoiding the main issue
  4. The discussion keeps shifting to different topics
  5. You feel like you're being led away from the original point

How to Avoid It

To avoid using or being misled by red herrings:

  • Stay focused on the original topic
  • Politely point out when the conversation has gone off track
  • Ask how the new information relates to the original point
  • Be aware of emotional triggers that might distract from the main issue
  • If you're the one speaking, be honest if you don't know the answer rather than changing the subject